RMAN BASIC START
RMAN BASIC COMMANDS FOR QUICK START by anand gupta
For the
impatient, here is the quick snippet, that takes RMAN backup of both database
and archive logs.
RMAN>
BACKUP AS BACKUPSET DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
1. View Current RMAN Configuration
Before
we take the backup, we have to configure certain RMAN parameters. For example,
how long you want to reatain the RMAN backup, etc.
Before
we modify any configuration, execute the following command to view all current
RMAN configuration settings.
To
connect to RMAN, do the following from command line. This will take you to
RMAN> command prompt, from here you can execute all RMAN commands.
$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sat Aug
10 11:21:29 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: DEVDB (DBID=821773)
RMAN>
To view current RMAN configurations, execute “show all”.
RMAN> SHOW ALL;
using target database control file instead of recovery
catalog
RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 2 DAYS;
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK
TO "/backup/rman/ctl_%F";
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED
BACKUPSET PARALLELISM 2;
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1;
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1;
CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT "/backup/rman/full_%u_%s_%p" MAXPIECESIZE
2048 M;
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED;
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF;
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128';
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE;
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO
'/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/dbs/snapcf_devdb.f'; # default
As you see above, it displays various RMAN parameters and
their current values.
2. Change Few RMAN Configuration
Parameters
Location: One of the important configuration parameters to
set will be, where you want to save the RMAN backup. In the following example,
I’m settting the RMAN backup loacation as “/backup/rman/”
RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT
'/backup/rman/full_%u_%s_%p';
Retention Period: Next, you should specify how long you want
to retain the backup for. When RMAN takes a backup, it automatically deletes
all the old backups that are older than the retention period. In the following
example, I’m setting the retention period as 7 days, which will keep the DB
backup for a week.
RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 7
DAYS;
Verify that the above two changes are done.
RMAN> SHOW ALL;
..
CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/backup/rman/full_%u_%s_%p';
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 7 DAYS;
..
Clear a Parameter: If you want to clear a parameter and set
its value to default, use CLEAR at the end of the configuration as shown below.
RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY CLEAR;
In this example, since we cleared the retention policy’s
value, it was set to the default value, which is 1. So, the retention policy is
set to 1 day as shown below.
RMAN> SHOW ALL;
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
3. Backup Oracle Database
Make sure the directory mentioned in the CHANNEK DEVICE TYPE
DISK FORMAT is created. i.e /backup/rman/
$ mkdir -p /backup/rman
Currently this directory is empty. We’ll see what this has
after the backup is taken.
$ ls -l /backup/rman
total 0
We can take a backup using image copy or in backup set. It is
strongly recommended to use RMAN backup sets to backup the database.
RMAN stores the backup in backup sets, which are nothing but
whole bunch of files which contains the backed-up data. Only RMAN understands
the format of these files. So, if you backup an Oracle DB using RMAN, only RMAN
knows how to read the backup and restore it.
Typically we’ll use “BACKUP AS BACKUPSET” to backup a
database. So, to take a full backup of the database without the archive logs,
do the following.
RMAN> BACKUP AS BACKUPSET DATABASE
To take a full backup of the database with the archive logs,
do the following:
RMAN> BACKUP AS BACKUPSET DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
You can also take a backup of only a specific table space.
The following example takes backup of only PRD01 tablespace.
RMAN> BACKUP AS BACKUPSET TABLESPACE PRD01;
The RMAN backup output will be something similar to the
following:
RMAN> BACKUP AS BACKUPSET DATABASE
Starting backup at 10-AUG-13
using target database control file instead of recovery
catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=193 devtype=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: sid=192 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00025
name=/u03/oradata/devdb/devuser07.dbf
input datafile fno=00003 name=/u02/oradata/devdb/temp01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00008 name=/u03/oradata/devdb/devusers05.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 10-AUG-13
...
..
piece handle=/backup/rman/full_4dogpd0u_4237_1
tag=TAG20130808T114846 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time:
00:00:03
Finished backup at 10-AUG-13
...
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-AUG-13
piece handle=/backup/rman/ctl_c-758818131-20130808-00
comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-AUG-13
Once the backup is completed, do an ls on the /backup/rman directory,
you’ll now see RMAN backup files.
$ ls -l /backup/rman
total 14588
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 14585856 Aug 8 11:48 ctl_c-758818131-20130808-00
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba
327680 Aug 8 11:48
full_4dogpd0u_4237_1
Note: Once a backup is taken, to view all available database
backups from RMAN, you need to use “list” command that is shown further down in
one of the examples.
While this may be obvious, it is worth
repeating again: Since we are taking hotbackup, the Oracle database can be up
and running. Make sure your Oracle database is running before you
execute any of the above RMAN backup commands.
4. Assign Backup TAG Name for Quick
Identification
If you are taking lot of backups, it will be easier to assign
a tag to a particular backup, which we’ll later use during Oracle recovery (or
while using list command to view it).
The following example assign a backup tag called
“WEEEKLY_PRD01_TBLS_BK_ONLY” to this particular backup.
RMAN> BACKUP AS BACKUPSET TAG 'WEEEKLY_PRD01_TBLS_BK_ONLY'
TABLESPACE PRD01;
Starting backup at 10-AUG-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00002 name=/u03/oradata/devdb/PRD01_1.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-AUG-13
piece handle=/backup/rman/full_4fogpdb3_4239_1
tag=WEEEKLY_PRD01_TBLS_BK_ONLY comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time:
00:00:01
Finished backup at 10-AUG-13
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-AUG-13
piece handle=/backup/rman/ctl_c-758818131-20130808-01
comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-AUG-13
Once the backup is finished, if you view the files from rman
directory, you’ll not see the tag name here. Tag name is used only from RMAN
repositories to view and restore backups. So, now you see there are more files
in this directory, as we’ve taken couple of backups.
$ ls -l /backup/rman/
total 29176
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 14585856 Aug 8 11:48 ctl_c-758818131-20130808-00
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 14585856 Aug 8 11:54 ctl_c-758818131-20130808-01
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba
327680 Aug 8 11:48
full_4dogpd0u_4237_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba
327680 Aug 8 11:54
full_4fogpdb3_4239_1
5. Change Oracle RMAN Backup File Name
Format
If you want the backup files itself will be in a specific
format, you need to change the format in the RMAN configuration as shown below.
In this example, we’ve appended the tag “full_devdb_bk_” prefix to all our
backup files.
RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT
"/backup/rman/full_devdb_bk_%u_%s_%p" MAXPIECESIZE 2048 M;
Now, let us take another backup with this modified
configuration.
RMAN> BACKUP AS BACKUPSET TAG 'WEEEKLY_PRD01_TBLS_BK_ONLY'
TABLESPACE PRD01;
Now when you view the RMAN files, you’ll see the new RMAN
backup file has this new file name format for the files. This is easier to
identify certain information about the backup just by looking at the file
names.
$ ls -l /backup/rman/
total 43764
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 14585856 Aug 8 11:48 ctl_c-758818131-20130808-00
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 14585856 Aug 8 11:54 ctl_c-758818131-20130808-01
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 14585856 Aug 8 11:56 ctl_c-758818131-20130808-02
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba
327680 Aug 8 11:48
full_4dogpd0u_4237_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba
327680 Aug 8 11:54
full_4fogpdb3_4239_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba
327680 Aug 8 11:55
full_devdb_bk_4hogpdef_4241_1
6. Compress a RMAN Backup
If you are taking a backup of a big database, you’ll notice
that the RMAN backup files are bigger (almost same size as the database
itself).
So, for most situation, you should always tak ea compressed
backup of the database.
The following example take a compressed backup of the
tablepsace PRD01.
RMAN> BACKUP AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET TAG
'WEEEKLY_PRD01_TBLS_BK_ONLY' TABLESPACE PRD01;
When you view the backup files from the file system level,
you will not see any .gz (or .zip, or .bz2) to indicate that the RMAN has taken
a compressed backup. The file naming convention will still follow the same as a
non-compressed backup.
$ ls -l /backup/rman/
total 58352
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 14585856 Aug 8 11:48 ctl_c-758818131-20130808-00
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 14585856 Aug 8 11:54 ctl_c-758818131-20130808-01
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 14585856 Aug 8 11:56 ctl_c-758818131-20130808-02
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 14585856 Aug 8 11:59 ctl_c-758818131-20130808-03
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba
327680 Aug 8 11:48
full_4dogpd0u_4237_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba
327680 Aug 8 11:54
full_4fogpdb3_4239_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba
327680 Aug 8 11:55
full_devdb_bk_4hogpdef_4241_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba
127680 Aug 8 11:59
full_devdb_bk_4jogpdl0_4243_1
Note: The way to tell whether RMAN has take a compressed
backup or not, it by looking at the size, and by looking at the output of the
RMAN “list” command which is shown in one of the section below.
7. View all RMAN Backups
To view all the RMAN backups, execute “list backup summary”
as shown below.
RMAN> LIST BACKUP SUMMARY;
using target database control file instead of recovery
catalog
List of Backups
===============
Key TY LV S Device
Type Completion Time #Pieces #Copies Compressed Tag
------- -- -- - ----------- --------------- ------- -------
---------- ---
..
4215 B F A
DISK 10-AUG-13 1
1 NO TAG20130808T114846
4216 B F A
DISK 10-AUG-13 1
1 NO TAG20130808T114849
4217 B F A
DISK 10-AUG-13 1
1 NO WEEEKLY_PRD01_TBLS_BK_ONLY
4218 B F A
DISK 10-AUG-13 1
1 NO TAG20130808T115413
4219 B F A
DISK 10-AUG-13 1
1 NO WEEEKLY_PRD01_TBLS_BK_ONLY
4220 B F A
DISK 10-AUG-13 1
1 NO TAG20130808T115600
4221 B F A
DISK 10-AUG-13 1
1 YES WEEEKLY_PRD01_TBLS_BK_ONLY
As you see above, it displays various information about the
backups. In the above output, it show 7 RMAN backups. The last column shows the
“Tag” that we specified when we took a backup. If we didn’t specify any TAG,
RMAN creates a default tag with the prefix “TAG” followed by some numbers. You
can also see that under the column “Compressed”, the last RMAN backup shows
“YES”, which indicates that out of all the 7 RMAN backups, only the last one
was compressed.
Also, when the RMAN backup is running, if you want to see the
proress, you can query the V$RMAN_STATUS table from sql*plus as shown below.
SQL> SELECT OPERATION, STATUS, MBYTES_PROCESSED,
START_TIME, END_TIME from V$RMAN_STATUS;
OPERATION STATUS MBYTES_PROCESSED START_TIM
END_TIME
--------------------------------- -----------------------
---------------- --------- ---------
CONTROL FILE AND SPFILE AUTOBACK COMPLETED 14 07-NOV-12
07-NOV-12
RMAN
COMPLETED 0 07-NOV-12
07-NOV-12
RESTORE VALIDATE COMPLETED 0 07-NOV-12
07-NOV-12
RMAN COMPLETED WITH
ERRORS 0 07-NOV-12
07-NOV-12
DELETE COMPLETED 0 08-NOV-12
08-NOV-12
BACKUP COMPLETED 0 10-AUG-13
10-AUG-13
CONTROL FILE AND SPFILE AUTOBACK COMPLETED 14 10-AUG-13 10-AUG-13
RMAN COMPLETED WITH
ERRORS 1832 10-AUG-13
10-AUG-13
RMAN COMPLETED 0 10-AUG-13
10-AUG-13
...
There you have it!. That is how you take an Oracle RMAN plzz dont forget to commit :)
Comments
Post a Comment